Physical Therapy (PT) is a healthcare profession directed at evaluating, maintaining and restoring physical function and movement. Veterinary physical therapy is defined as the use of non-invasive techniques, excluding veterinary chiropractic, for the rehabilitation of injuries in non-human animals.
Veterinary physical therapy performed by non-veterinarians uses the techniques of range of motion, rehabilitation exercises, hydrotherapy, applications of heat and cold, and massage therapy. Electrotherapy, by the use of stimulation by low-level lasers, electrical sources, ultrasound and magnetic fields can be applied as required. Veterinary physical therapy should be performed by a licensed physical therapist educated in nonhuman animal anatomy and physiology. It is further recommended that the physical therapist be a member of the Canadian Horse and Animal Physical Therapist Association.
Research on the effects of immobilization on muscular atrophy, on the healing of articular cartilage and the effects of early intermittent passive mobilization on healing canine tendons has changed the post-injury and post-operative follow-up of small animals (Booth, F.W., 1977; Holms, S., 1983; Salter, R.B., 1980).
Physical therapy can reduce muscle contracture by utilizing forms of passive range of motion, modalities, such as ultrasound, active exercise, cold applications and splinting.
Post-operative attetion and "hands-on" therapy benefits the animal. As well, the owner's participation helps them to understand the animal's progress. The physiological benefits of physical therapy include reduction of muscle atrophy, earlier resolution of inflammation, improved joint hematosis and biomechanics, promotion of wound healing and earlier functional return.
Physical therapy and rehabilitation has been coined the "missing link" in the progression from initial injury and repair to functional status (Taylor, R.A., 1992, 1999).
